Taurine effects on insulin absorption9/15/2023 Oxidative stress is affected by excessive endogenous oxidative species prone to cell damage and influence on the signal pathway. The biomarkers of plasma oxidative stress were found to be related with the degree of insulin resistance in humans. Oxidative stress is related with insulin resistance and diabetes progression. Additionally, few studies describe the relationship between increased oxidative stress, insulin resistance and adipocytokine levels. These processes elevated the tumour necrosis factor- α and free fatty acid levels in the plasma and liver. The high-fat diet increased the mitochondrial ROS production in the liver. , in the liver, this process includes the upregulation of genes involved in sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c–related fatty acid synthesis and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α–related fatty acid oxidation, while in the adipose tissue, the process includes the downregulation of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and upregulation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex. One of them included the ROS production pathway in the liver and adipose tissue. The long-term ingestion of a high-fat diet resulted in inflammation in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues (muscle, liver, adipose tissue). As the IR progressed over time, obesity mediated macrophage-induced proinflammatory actions. At the initial stage of IR, acute lipid overload was observed in tissues. The mechanism of insulin resistance (IR) induced by feeding rodents a high-fat diet varies according to the feeding time. Reference publications provide few descriptions of the mechanisms through which a high-fat diet may lead to insulin resistance. It is believed that insulin resistance in target tissues is one of the first signs of carbohydrate metabolism malfunction. However, it is noteworthy that it takes many years for diabetes to develop and the disease often does not have visible symptoms. improper dietary behaviours and low physical activity, as well as due to genetic factors. In recent years, the incidence of type 2 diabetes has increased mostly due to environmental factors, i.e. In conclusion, supplementary taurine failed to ameliorate disturbances in mineral homeostasis caused by high-fat diet feeding and led to tissular redistribution of Zn and Cu in the rat. Tau supplementation decreased the renal Cu level and serum ceruloplasmin concentration in the rats fed the standard diet, but this effect was not observed in the rats fed the high-fat diet. In the group fed the standard diet, Tau reduced the rats’ femur Zn level, whereas their splenic Zn level was comparable. The high-fat diet supplemented with Tau decreased the rats’ splenic Zn levels but increased their femur levels. The effect of Tau supplementation on the mineral balance to some extent depended on the fat content in the rats’ diet. The high-fat diet supplemented with Tau decreased the renal and splenic Zn levels, but the tissular Fe content did not change. Taurine supplementation normalized increased serum insulin concentration and insulin resistance index however, it did not improve serum CRP concentration in high-fat diet fed rats. For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed these diets supplemented with 3% Tau. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of Tau supplementation on the levels of trace elements in rats fed either a standard (AIN-93M, 4% fat) diet or a modified high-fat diet (30% fat). Changes in carbohydrate metabolism are accompanied by oxidative stress, which may disturb the mineral balance. Taurine (Tau) is a β-sulphonated amino acid postulated to improve glucose homeostasis in insulin resistance and diabetes.
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